"Tsarevich" Part I. Squadron battleship. 1899-1906 Melnikov Rafail Mikhailovich

Appendix No. 3 Damage to the battleship "Tsarevich" in battle on July 28, 1904 *

Appendix No. 3

Done at Qingdao in August 1904 by the ship's officers under the leadership of the senior officer, Captain 2nd Rank Maksimov

* RGAVMF, fund 315, inventory 1, file 1534.

1. A shell hitting the poop on the left side of the left towing bollard pierced the left bulwark with a thickness of 1/3 "[ie 8.5 mm - hereinafter - Ed.] And when it hit flat on the deck on the poop it exploded , as a result of which gasses tore out the iron sheets of the bulwarks for 11 m and slightly curved the armor sheets, in addition, pushed through the wooden and iron decks, making a hole 4 feet 2 1/2 "long [ie, about 1.3 m] and a width of 2 feet 3 "[that is, about 0.7 m], but did not break the beams and stringers, limiting itself to a strong dented. This projectile, apparently, was a 6" high-explosive caliber. Penetrating into the wardroom with the force of gases and shrapnel, he completely broke the iron desk and pierced the watertight bulkhead between the officers' cabins in the battery deck and the wardroom (the thickness of the watertight bulkhead is 1/4 "[ie 6 mm].) When this shell burst, 60 conductors were interrupted, laid under a wooden cornice in the wardroom.

2. The second round on the quarterdeck pierced the bulwark of the left side and hit the towing bollard, the wall thickness of which is 2 1/2 "[ie 63 mm] and the outer diameter of the bollard is 14 3/4" [ie. e. 375 mm], as a result of which the projectile exploded and pierced the deck on the quarterdeck, breaking off a piece of the beam and stringer, just in the place where they were fastened with the angled iron. The hole in the deck on the poop is 1 foot 11 inches long [i.e. ie about 1 m] and a width of 1 foot 8 m "(ie 0.53 m]. This shell killed one person in the head and wounded two who were in the wardroom. hands, and another had a piece of meat torn out in the upper part of his left leg. The wounded were 8 m from the place where the shell exploded, the one killed by a shrapnel in the head was at the open doors of the 12 "tower. Shrapnel of this shell slightly pierced the armor of the 12" tower dents turned out, of which the largest was about 1/4 "deep. Both shells described above hit the battleship from a distance of 36-38 cables at the end of the last battle, with an interval of two minutes, while the battleship was writing off circulation. Shrapnel of these two shells damaged small parts one 75 mm gun, which is in the wardroom, namely: 1) the reservoir ring, 2) the tube connecting the sight and the front sight, 3) the tube of the trigger mechanism, 4) the spring of the endless screw is broken, and 5) the steering wheel for lifting the pr heal. In addition, the gun has several splinter marks, of which the largest is 1/8 "deep [ie. ie 3 mm] at 1/2 "length and 1/3" width [ie. e. 8x12 mm].

3. A projectile hit from a distance of 45 cables at the end of the first battle into the roof of the aft 12 "tower, which consists of 1 1/3" armor and 5/6 "thick inner jacket of soft iron, hit just the place where the tower roof was fastened with vertical turret armor 10 inches thick and exploded, leaving a dent in the roof armor 4 1/2 "deep, 2 feet 6 1/2" long and 1 foot 7 "wide [i.e. 675x485 mm], and soft the iron of the tower roof jacket was further dented, 7 "deep, 3 feet 6" long, and 1 foot 11 "wide [i.e. 1.05 x 0.6 m], with a 2" crack at the bottom of the concavity, and the roof jacket layer separated from the roof plate layer by 3 1/2 ". Striking the roof, this shell lifted the lower edge of the roof armor plate, separating it from the vertical tower armor by 1/4", knocking out five one-inch diameter bolts that held the roof towers with vertical b ronei with a half-inch corner iron, a piece of which, one inch long, was completely ripped off by shearing off 8 rivets that secured this corner iron to the vertical armor of the tower.

When separating the inner shirt from the armor roof sheet, 5 inch diameter fastening screws were torn from the shirt, with which the roof shirt was attached to the left dome of the sight. A nut of one of the bolts killed one man in the head in the tower. On the clear traces of the descent, obtained at the place of impact of the head part of the projectile, which left a conical mark in the dent, it can be assumed that this projectile had a copper head shock tube. The caliber of this projectile is difficult to determine, but judging by the impact marks over the vertical tower armor, not less than 10 " 4 "and a 1/5" aft deckhouse wall, along with a 1/8 "galvanized iron inner wall and cork spacer between the two, fell to the deck, piercing the deckhouse's iron cabinets. the head of the projectile is tilted to the horizon at an angle of 10 ° Shrapnel of this projectile on the aft lower bridge with a rangefinder killed one person and wounded one.

Battleship "Tsesarevich" (Damage to the nasal tube from a 12-inch shell)

4. A shell hit at the end of the battle from a distance of 38–40 cables into the control room of the watchman on the aft bridge, flew into the open door of the control room from the starboard side, broke the soft hair sofa and exploded on impact on the iron deck of the bridge, 1/4 thick inches, leaving a hole 3 feet 5 inches long and 1 foot 4 inches wide [i.e. e. 1.06x0.4 m], moreover, the iron sheet of the upper deckhouse was torn off by gases and bent upwards. The left door, which was closed, was torn off its hinges and completely broken, and the iron cabinet in the upper wheelhouse was also broken. Most of the fragments from this shell, when it exploded, was directed over the port side into the water and therefore did not do any harm, only leaving traces of its direction on the handrails and the iron of the aft bridge. Three fragments of this shell, directed downward, pierced the walls of the lower deckhouse, consisting of 5/24 "iron sheets and 1/8" thick galvanized iron sheets, together with a cork pad between the two rows of sheets, and fell onto the wooden deck.

5. The first shell that hit the battleship was apparently a 12 "high-explosive shell, fired by the enemy at the beginning of the first battle from a distance of 70 cables. armored feed pipe of the left aft 6 "turret, with gases and shrapnel of this projectile in the admiral's room destroyed the sideboard and torn off the hinges of the porthole. On the armor of the 6 "turret, embrasure half-bore and on the guns, there were traces and dents from fragments, of which the greatest depth was in inches, and one embrasure half-bore was torn from its hinges. Fragments of this shell wounded three people: two of them, being removed from the bridges, were on the upper deck, and one was wounded in the left aft 6 "tower, through the opening of the dome.

6. A shrapnel from a projectile that exploded in the steel gynes of topping arrows for lifting boats pierced the main mars and exploded four boxes of 47 mm rounds (10 rounds in each box), and the shrapnel from these 47 mm projectiles were directed upwards and the roof of Mars, killed one person on upper Mars and seriously injured two more. The explosion tore off the front wall of Mars, an inch thick, but the mast, which consists of three layers of iron (total thickness 1 1/12 inches), was not pierced.

Battleship "Tsesarevich" (Part of the foremast between the upper and lower bridges, interrupted by a 12 "shell (view from the right side of the bridge). In the foreground is a fragment of a manual and 47-mm winch. On the left in the photo, part of the conning tower is visible. : Rear Admiral Vitgeft, Lieutenant Azaryev-1, Warrant Officer Ellis and three lower ranks.)

In the aft part of the battleship there are still traces of a shell that fell into the lower aft wheelhouse on July 27, 1904, on the eve of the squadron's departure from Port Arthur. This projectile was fired by enemy artillery from a 120 mm gun and, judging by the thickness of the walls and the size of the shell fragments, it was armor-piercing. Flying over the deck of the battleship, the projectile slightly touched the pillers standing near the aft cabin and, breaking through the wall of the latter, which consists of 5/24 "thick iron sheets and 1/8" thick galvanized iron sheets, together with a cork gasket enclosed between them at on impact on the wooden deck, it exploded, giving two large fragments and several medium-sized fragments. One of the large fragments pushed through a wooden 2 "deck and an iron deck (1/3", ie 8 mm), leaving a hole in the above decks a foot long and a foot wide [ie. ie 0.22x0.15 m], hit a marble board (3/4 ") of the cabinet in the admiral's room, breaking which, slightly pushed through the iron box of the cabinet 1/16" thick. The second large fragment cut off the leg of one man, who was at a distance of 5 feet from the place where the shell burst. The gases of this shell ruined the iron (1/16 ") cabinet in the lower wheelhouse and the telephones communicated with the Golden Mountain and with the headquarters of the fortress were completely destroyed.

7. A hole in the bed nets at the left ladder, from a projectile of caliber about 8 "or 12". The time of the hit was approximately at about 6 pm, when the enemy ships entered the left side and opened fire on the "Tsarevich". The distance at that time was not determined and it was impossible to determine approximately from the hole, since having broken through one side, the projectile immediately exploded and, breaking the frame of the upper platform of the ladder, gave a lot of fragments. The explosion spread straight ahead, damaging the top of the net at a distance of 59 "and the bottom at 119", including damage from the mass of debris. Further, the explosion did not spread, and the lower deck remained completely intact, which was greatly facilitated by the bunks folded in front of the nets in several rows, and about 20 bunks were destroyed and torn apart. The volume of complete destruction from the explosion is about 100 cubic meters. ft. Shrapnel broke the visors over the porticoes of the commander's cabin, penetrated into - ,. the commander's bedroom, damaging the wardrobes and bunk frame. Others, breaking through the upper bulkhead near the nets, hit the bottom of the boat (1/8 "- 3 mm]), which was above the nets, but did no other damage to it, and finally, two fragments, having flown 15 feet, pierced the casing at superstructure over the gangway with a thickness of 2/3 ". The steam winch, located twenty feet from the impact site [6 m], was not damaged by these shrapnel.

8. The hole 6 in the upper deck of the bakery in the left part of it was made by a large-caliber high-explosive projectile. It broke through a 5 mm thick deck and exploded to damage the furnace top wall and brickwork. The moment this shell hit was about 5 hours from a long distance - 50 cables, no less, because the shell hit almost vertically. The direction of the greatest destruction is straight ahead and was delayed by the brickwork. The volume of complete destruction of the explosion is about 2.5 m3. Large shrapnel made holes in the aft bulkhead with a size of 1/4 m? and the same fragments damaged the aft chimney in the lower part. Small fragments damaged the tiled deck, the bow bulkhead and coamings were smashed at the gangway near the middle 6 "towers. The fragments pierced the bulkhead separating the bakery from the 4 mm thick garbage machine, drum, frame, cylinder, draft and steam pipe, doors ripped out and thrown aside.

9.10. The stern tube was broken by two shells that hit - the first at the bottom of the right front part of the tube and the second at the top right, of a large-caliber high-explosive action, since the entire tube was covered with small fragments, and large ones were not found at all. The moment of the hit was in the middle of the second battle, that is, about 5 hours 30 minutes, when the distance was about 45 cables. The first shell pierced the pipe casing (5 mm) and the pipe (5 mm), after which it burst and exploded to smash the crosspiece, all the small pipes, double T-iron, squares and damage another T-iron.

The second shell also pierced the casing and the pipe and, bursting inside, broke the crosspiece and tore to the bottom the sheets that had already lost their strength from the first shell. Both shells severely loosened the pipe mount, and it bent inward with the middle of the left side, and the top - to the left side. The explosions, due to the mass of obstacles in the form of all kinds of fastenings, did not spread far and only scattered small fragments in all directions. The volume of complete destruction is about 300 m3. Shrapnel damaged the outer part, and many small fragments penetrated down the pipe, streaking the base of the pipe with small holes, and fragments of the first shell damaged three rows of tubes of boiler No. 13, and the steam feed pipe of boiler No. 14 was broken by fragments of 1 "thick. The fragments of the second shell increased damage to boiler no. 13 and wounded two stokers by boiler no. 12 and a quartermaster by boiler no. 14. When a shell hit the chimney, large quantities of fragments penetrated the stoker and fell onto the deck.

11. Shrapnel from shells that exploded on the side armor and in the water near the vessel damaged the wooden whaleboat No. 1, located outside the starboard side, and received many small holes. Steam boat No. 1, standing on the rostrum behind the stern tube, received several fragments into the underwater part, of which one, breaking through the side (2 mm) on the right side, crumpled a triple sheet (6 mm) at the lifting eye, the other side in the stoker, bulkheads between the stoker and the engine room and with debris that fell from the left side, damaged two feed collectors, a fan bearing, a steam pipe of the bottom. In the stoker, the steam collector, three boiler pipes, a water filling tap, a coal pit casing and a water tank around the boiler were damaged by shrapnel, and, in addition, there were several fragments that got into the bow and stern, but did not cause any damage inside the boat. The stern winch received several fragments from the light hatch of the admiral's canteen, and the handrails and the slide bar at the right stern winch were damaged.

Shrapnel from the bakery or chimney pierced the upper deck, and the shrapnel, having pierced the deck, could no longer pierce anything; other fragments pierced the right bed nets on the waist. On the 16-oar boat No. 1, standing on the rostrum, the stern on the left side was completely broken, and, in addition, many small fragments fell into the hull. Boat No. 2 was also badly damaged by shrapnel, and the wooden six, standing to the left of the stern tube, was completely broken, in all likelihood, by fragments from the stern tube. The middle main compass was knocked off the bridge by gases, and the bridge was badly damaged by shrapnel. Shrapnel damaged the light hatches in the officer and command galleys, the table and plate in the officer's and the boxes in the command galley, the wall at one samovar, nets at the middle towers, frame davits, boat blocks, longboat No. 2 and the rostrum deck were dented. Three cisterns on 2/3 "thick rostra are broken by shrapnel.

The left front tank received a hole in the lower right part, at the junction of the pipe with the tank, the right one - five holes in the hull, the rear one - the pipe was knocked down, the rear bottom and several small holes. Thus, the total surface of action of fragments from three shells can be considered about 200 m, and from gases about 400 m?. On July 26, 1904, during the bombardment of Port Arthur by siege artillery from a distance of 20 cables, a 120 mm high-explosive projectile hit the nose armor of the battleship "Tsarevich" about 37 bow frame on the right side. The mark on the armor was barely noticeable and consisted of several specks. Damage was only from concussion. The damage was directed against the placement of the bow mine apparatus. The mine workshop machine was torn from its place and all four cast-iron legs broke. The box with various accessories was thrown over the man lying on the deck by the force of the blow. There were no other injuries.

12. During the battle on July 28, at about 6 pm, from a distance of about 45 cables (probably from an armored detachment of the Japanese squadron), a shell hit the bow turret of 12 "guns on the right side. The shell was high-explosive and exploded when it hit the turret armor. time was on the port side Judging by the force of the impact felt inside the turret, we can conclude that the shell was 12 "caliber. The destruction was as follows: on the tower there was a trace no more than 1.5 cm deep and looked like an irregular ellipse. In the center was the largest depression (1.5 cm). Shrapnel from a projectile, which exploded on impact on the turret armor, did not inflict any significant damage and only slightly spoiled the deck 5–6 feet from the turret.

Battleship "Tsesarevich" (Damage to the nasal bridge. In the center, you can see damage to the bed nets on the bridge from a shell that then passed through the conning tower and killed Lieutenant Dragisic-Niksic.)

13. During the first battle on July 28, at about 1 o'clock in the afternoon, a shell hit the cushion of the right anchor from a distance of 50 cables. Judging by the thickness of the walls of the fragments found, one can think that it was an 8 "or 12" shell. The walls of the fragment were much thicker than that of the Russian 6 "projectile, and the fragment itself is quite long. It can be assumed that the projectile hit the 40th frame with its head and immediately exploded. This assumption is based on the fact that the two main holes were made by both sides of the frame: one in the side and the other in the cushion itself, the frame itself was crumpled, and the deck of the spardeck was punctured.

A third, larger splinter hit the porthole of one of the conductor's cabins and knocked it out; the rest of the fragments spread along the side to the side armor with the direction towards the bow, where they made traces, but did not pierce the sides anywhere. Another part of the fragments hit the spardek, where they partly flew overboard into the open port of the left 75 mm gun, partly hit the pillars, lost their strength, and slightly damaged both 75 mm guns. Some shrapnel fell to the left in the suitcase cabinets. At the same place, two lower ranks were wounded. The dimensions of the holes are as follows: length 3 meters, width 2.5 meters, height 2.5 meters, in addition, the fragments that pierced the deck of the Spardeck went to the battery deck, which is three meters. So, the volume of complete destruction from the explosion of the projectile was equal to: 3x2.5x2.5 or about 20 cubic meters. meters.

With this projectile, the right anchor was thrown overboard. Before leaving Port Arthur, despite the fact that the question was raised, the anchor ropes were not riveted, and therefore the hit of the shell in the anchor shackle swivel was a fluke that saved the side of the battleship from an extra hole. The projectile freed the anchor in this way: it broke the swivel and pulled out the frames from the pertulin, rustication and fastening stops on the anchor pad. The machine for releasing the anchor on the upper deck remained singing.

Soon after the shell hit the anchor pad, another shell hit the Spardy from a distance of 50 cables. He hit from the right side against the 31st frame. Striking the side, it exploded; most of the fragments flew over to the armored tube covering the bow 12 "turret and, leaving many small holes on it, did not cause significant damage. The rest of the fragments flew to the sides and slightly spoiled the superstructure. 2 meters, height 2 meters. The volume of complete destruction from the explosion of the projectile: 2x2x0.25 = 1 cubic meter. The projectile was high-explosive, about 8 "(or 6") caliber.

At about 6 o'clock in the evening of the same day, a high-explosive projectile hit the right (6 "?) pipe, smashed it and then hit the pillars, which bent and separated from the beam, to which it was attached by means of a plank. In the deck of the spardek there was a recess about 5 cm deep. The volume of complete destruction is about 1.5 cubic meters. hitting the pillers, flew in two directions and reached the sides, the distance between which in this place reaches 8.5 meters.

There was another hit in the bow. The shell hit at about 7.5 pm from a distance of 35–40 cables into the spardek on the left side against 21–20 frames slightly ahead of the armored tube of the left bow 6 "tower, straight into the porthole and knocked it out cleanly. The size of the hole was 1 square meter. The volume of complete destruction is 0.5 cubic meters.

Most of the fragments of the exploding shell were directed at the bitteng and scattered about it. There were fragments that reached the opposite side, that is, 12 meters. The strength of these fragments was already very weak; they didn't do any damage. This shell came from a detachment of cruisers (Yakumo, Takasago, Kasagi and Chitose). Judging by the insignificance of the damage, it can be assumed that it was a 120-mm shell from a class 2 cruiser or from the Yakumo.

During the first battle, about 12.5–1 hours. hit a high-explosive shell in the underwater part on the right side against 28-31 frames below the armor. The shell did not make any holes, but only crushed the frame and pulled out some of the rivets, which resulted in seepage and water filling of two side corridors (upper and lower). In total, 153 tons of water got into. The roll was no more than 3 °. To level the vessel, the compartments were flooded from the opposite side and somewhat closer to the stern in order to avoid trim to the bow.

The shell hitting the conning tower was probably pushed from a distance of 45-50 cables at the end of the second battle. In places of destruction, you can restore its trajectory, from which it is clear that it flew, rising. It was an armor-piercing projectile that hit the water and exploded ricocheting. Its head fell into a thin bed net (1/8), tore it apart, wrapped the sheets in the direction of travel and flew into the wheelhouse, knocking out a semicircle from the edge of the roof (3 "sheets). an abrasion, gave several splinters and, flying off, again touched the edge of the roof. She did not knock it out, but only bent it, losing her manpower. Having got further into the nets with bunks, she slightly bent them and remained lying in them.

There were several small fragments, probably detached from the head of the projectile when it hit the roof, but their force is difficult to calculate, it must have been very insignificant, since the grill in the tower is only slightly punctured, and the edges of the holes on the thin copper covers of the devices are barely bent , there are even simple dents on the shrouds. From the concussion, some of the artillery indicators and telephones were removed, all the communication pipes on the bridge were broken. All those in the wheelhouse were wounded by this shell, except for one: on the walls of the wheelhouse and on the gratings, there were almost no fragments visible.

The shell hitting the mast was fired before the shell hitting the conning tower at the end of the second battle. Some abnormality is that the distance (in time) to the enemy should have been less than 40 cables, and the trajectory of the projectile is not steep - it touched the net and hit the mast 2.5 feet [i.e. ie 0.6 m] above the deck. It could have been a 12 "caliber projectile. Flying through the nets, he just rolled them, and the rupture occurred immediately after breaking through the first wall of the mast (0.5"). From the place of the first contact of the projectile in the nets to the place of rupture about 3 m. The projectile only tore and rolled the front wall of the mast, but the rear wall was completely ripped out. The volume of the main destruction is very small (each measurement is 1.5 meters) and is directed conically in the direction of the projectile's flight, but so that already at 3 m the thin walls are not torn apart, but only pierced by fragments and bent.

In the upward direction, the fragments pierced the 3/8 "deck 2 m from the rupture site, and 2/3" squares were even folded by fragments or pieces of the mast by 1–1.5 m. There were few debris back, but the yellow picric acid plaque was predominantly in the part of the bridge behind the blast site. Minor damage is noticeable at a distance of up to 10 m. Despite the fact that relative to the horizontal plane of the rupture of the projectile, the deck is at 0.75 - 1 m, and the upper bridge is 1.5–2 m., It was damaged more than the deck, which indicates direction of greatest destruction from above. This shell broke all pipes and wires that went inside the mast. The concussion broke the wiring under the upper bridge. The pressure of the gases pushed out the upper bridge (by 2 m), and the telegraph cabin, which was at the same distance (but horizontally), was not touched by the gases, it was even bent in the opposite direction by the third shell.

Admiral Vitgeft, Lieutenant Azariev 1st, Warrant Officer Ellis were killed by a shell in the mast, staff officers were wounded. The dead were lying between the left walls and the mast, with their heads to the last; this is not entirely clear, since they should have been thrown away from the mast with gases. Perhaps the felling had an effect here, reflecting the gases, or they were knocked down by some splinter.

Battleship "Tsesarevich" (Two holes from 6 "exploded shells, which carried out part of the bulwark on the poop from the left side, smashed the towing bollard and entered the officer's wardroom.)

A shell that hit the telegraph cabin at the end of the second battle from a distance of 50 cables exploded in the front wall of the cabin or even to it from passing through the walls, 10 feet (3 m) away from them, since the inlet of this high-explosive shell (the broken wall of the cabin ) is very large - about 4 square meters, and the bulkhead between the command rooms and the telegraph cabin, which is 1.5 meters wide, is broken only by fragments. The volume of the greatest destruction is about 12 cubic meters; The pipe (5/16 ") and the casing (5/16") were punctured by separate fragments at a distance of 2 m. Small fragments pierced only the casing. The shell gave a lot of very small fragments-specks, with which the tree and the deckhouse planking were beaten. The gases, again, had a stronger effect upward than downward, bending in several sheets of the upper bridge and only in one place at the bottom tore the wheelhouse from the deck. The gases and concussion destroyed all the instruments in the control room, but the effect of the gases was only in the direction of the shells, since the wires on the wooden lining under the upper bridge remained intact, only turned yellow from the picrine. Considering the place where the shell burst 1 m from the deck, large fragments pierced the 3/8 "sheets in both decks at a distance of 1.5–2 m, but having pierced the deck under the upper wheelhouse, they remained in the table tree or in the cockpit sofa and up to the roof The shell did not produce especially large fragments, neither the warhead nor the whole bottom was found.

Shells hitting the water either ricocheted (mostly armor-piercing) or deployed if they were high-explosive. There were many ricochets flying over, their flight was clearly visible. One of these shells interrupted the wall-staff. High-explosive shells, exploding at the J side in the water, gave a whole column of water that doused the bridge to the compass, but the fragments did not fly onto the bridge; but they also pierced the sheets on Mars (a splinter that had flown close to it hit the armor and bounced off). Their strength was small, since long high-explosive shells burrowed into the water, and the fragments had to overcome the resistance of the water layer.

In the middle of the second battle, one high-explosive projectile exploded over the bridge, several fragments flew onto the bridge, the deck did not break: the entire amount of exploding metal fell into the water, having flown over the battleship.

"Tsarevich" on the slipway, February 1901

"Tsarevich" on the slipway. February 1901

Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" in France during sea trials. Summer 1903

"Tsarevich" in Port Arthur

Before loading coal (photo above)

On the "Tsesarevich" during the sealing of the hole

In Port Arthur

On "Tsesarevich" they rivet bead sheets

On the "Tsesarevich" during the sealing of the hole (photo above) "Tsesarevich" and "Amur" on the outer roadstead of Port Arthur

The "Tsarevich" arrived in Tsingdao.

"Tsarevich" in Tsingdao.

"Tsarevich" in Tsingdao Repair work has begun on the ship.

"Tsarevich" in Tsingdao. Repair work has begun on the ship.

"Tsarevich" in Tsingdao. In the foreground, folded cartridge cases from 152 mm cartridges are visible. They are guarded by Russian and German sailors. On the fencing of the bow bridge, a hole from a 152-mm projectile is visible, which killed the navigator Lieutenant Dragishich-Niksic.

Battleship "Tsesarevich." Combat damage in the area of the bow bridge (pictured above).

Damage to the port side in the bow of the ship. In the right foreground, there is a hole in the cut for storing the anchors. The anchor is lost. Inside, the hole penetrates the upper deck, where gasoline storage tanks are broken. On the left is a hole in the spardeck near the 12 ”bow tower, which also penetrates the skipper's cabin, located in the battery deck (pictured below).

Sealing holes in the left side in the area of the aft bridge and damage to the chimneys (pictured above). "Tsarevich" in Tsingdao. Dismantling the stern tube.

A hole in the starboard side of the 305-mm bow turret.

A hole in the starboard side of the 152-mm bow turret.

Damage to the 152 mm gun.

Damage to the bakery from a 305-mm shell hitting its roof.

Combat damage to chimneys.

In Tsingdao. "Tsarevich" during renovation work.

The renovation of the "Tsarevich" is nearing completion (photo above). "Tsarevich" in the Mediterranean Sea.

For "Tsarevich" both battles - at night and in the morning - merged into one, which inspired great fears for success, the struggle for the survivability of the ship. The vaunted and so beloved by the admiral-general, the French technology did not reveal clear advantages over either the American (Retvizan) or domestic (Pallas) models. The newest battleship, the last miracle of technology in the squadron, was almost old cruiser "Pallada".

In the instant of the explosion, banked to the right (this is how the roll of ships of this type made itself felt again), the "Tsesarevich" then began to fall threateningly on the left side. Despite the immediate order of the commander to flood the right aft corridors with water, the list grew uncontrollably. It reached 16 ° and continued to increase.

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From the book Sea Mine War at Port Arthur the author Vladimir Yakovlevich Krestyaninov

Appendix No. 3 Damage to the cruiser "Bayan" in the battle near Gotland on June 19 / July 2, 1915 (From the book by K.P. Puzyrevsky "Damage to ships from artillery and the fight for survivability." Sudpromgiz, 1940.) The desire of the German flagship during the battle to distract attention of Russian ships from

From the book of Tsushima - a sign of the end of Russian history. Hidden causes of well-known events. Military history investigation. Volume II the author Galenin Boris Glebovich

4. Disaster of the battleship "Petropavlovsk" After the failure of the second attempt to block the exit from Port Arthur, the admiral Togo sent a request for the preparation of new steam ships-fire ships. Before their arrival, the command of the Japanese fleet decided to conduct a barrage operation.

From the book The first battleships of Germany the author Bystrov Alexey Alexandrovich

4.4. July 28, 1904 Exit and Rapprochement The morning of July 28 came. As the sun rose, Russian ships began to leave the inner harbor for the roadstead and take their places according to disposition. The raid was pre-run. At 8:45 am, the squadron in the wake column, following

From the book Battleships of the types "Wittelsbach", "Braunschweig" and "Deutschland". 1899-1945 (Collection of articles and documents) the author Team of authors

Appendix № 3 The rise of the German battleship "Grosser Kurfurst" (From the magazine "Marine collection" № 8, 1879) Work on the rise of this battleship began in late May. Research carried out by divers found that the position of the ship's hull is not at all

From the book Queen Elizabeth-class ships of the line the author Mikhailov Andrey Alexandrovich

Descent of the battleship "Wittelsbach" On July 3, at the Wilhelmshaven State Admiralty, a new squadron battleship was launched, which was listed under the letter O at the time of construction and received the named name during the descent. This battleship, according to the report

From the author's book

Descent of the battleship “Mecklenburg” on November 9 (New Style) 1901 at the shipyard “Vulkan”, in Stettin, the squadron battleship F, which received the name “Mecklenburg”, was launched. This battleship is the fifth and final ship of the Wittelsbach class.

From the author's book

The descent of the German squadron battleship "Alsass" In Danzig, at the Schichau shipyard, on May 16 (n.st.) 1903, the launching of the battleship of the "Braunschweig" type, which was being built there by order of the German government, was temporarily listed under the letter J and received

From the author's book

Descent of the battleship "Deutschland" On November 20, 1904, in Kiel, at the shipyard "Germany", the battleship N was launched, which received the name "Deutschland" during launching and baptism. July 20 (N.S.) 1903, so the time

From the author's book

Descent of the battleship "Hannover" September 29 (New Style) 1905, in the Wilhelmshaven Admiralty took place the launching of the battleship P, which was christened the name "Hanover". This is the second ship of the Deutschland class. It was bookmarked in the summer

From the author's book

Appendix No. 1 Damage to battleships of the 5th squadron in the Battle of Jutland [* From the book of K.P. Puzyrevsky. Ship damage from artillery and damage control. Leningrad. Sudpromgiz. 1940] Worspeight. He belonged to the fifth squadron of battleships and was the third in the column.

On July 26, 1899, within the framework of the program for the construction of warships for the Far East, a new battleship was laid down at the Forge and Chantier shipyard in Toulon at the request of the Russian government, which was named Tsesarevich. On the instructions of the Marine Technical Committee, the design of the battleship was developed by the French engineer A. Lagan. "Tsesarevich" became the world's first squadron battleship, the hull of which was protected at the waterline by two continuous rows of armor plates and had improved mine protection. The ship had powerful armament at that time (4 305 mm, 12 152 mm guns of the Obukhov plant in two-gun turrets, 20 75 mm and 20 47 mm guns), 18-knot speed and good seaworthiness. Its displacement was about 13 thousand tons.

From the Russian side, the construction of the battleship was observed by the ship engineer K.P. Boklevsky and his future commander, Captain I rank I.K. Grigorovich. On February 10, 1901, the Tsesarevich was launched, and on August 21, 1903, it entered service with the Baltic Fleet. In early September, the battleship left Toulon and headed for Port Arthur. In mid-November, together with the Bayan cruiser, he joined the Pacific squadron.

On the night of January 27, 1904, while parked in the outer roadstead of Port Arthur, the "Tsesarevich" was damaged by the explosion of a torpedo fired by a Japanese destroyer, but remained afloat and, after sealing the hole with the help of a caisson, was re-commissioned. After the death of the battleship "Petropavlovsk" with the squadron commander, Vice-Admiral S.O. Makarov March 31, 1904 "Tsesarevich" became the flagship of the BF squadron. On July 28, 1904, after a battle with the Japanese fleet in the Yellow Sea, he broke through to Qingdao, where he was interned by the Chinese government the next day.

At the end of the Russo-Japanese War, in February 1906, the battleship returned to the Baltic and, after repairs, was reclassified into battleships and included in the training sailing detachment. As part of the detachment, he spent several long voyages abroad. In December 1908, he took part in helping the earthquake-affected population of the city of Messina in Sicily.

At the beginning of 1910 and at the end of 1911, the battleship got up twice for repairs, during which the main mechanisms, boilers and all 305-mm guns were replaced on the ship. In August 1912, at test shooting, the Tsarevich's team received the Imperial Challenge Prize for high accuracy.

During the 1st World War, the battleship covered the raiding and mine-barrage operations of the light forces of the fleet. From 1916 he was a member of the Defense Forces of the Gulf of Riga. After the February bourgeois-democratic revolution, it was renamed "Citizen". From September 29 to October 6, 1917, together with the battleship Slava, she actively participated in the Moonsund operation.

In December 1917, he made the transition from Helsingfors to Kronstadt, where he remained in long-term storage. During the Civil War, the ship's artillery weapons were used on river and lake flotillas and land fronts. In 1924, the Komgosfond was handed over for disassembly and on November 21, 1925, he was expelled from the RKKF.

Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich"

January 10, 1899 enlisted in the lists of the Baltic Fleet ships and on June 26, 1899 laid down at the Forge et Chantier shipyard in Toulon (France) by order of the Maritime Department.

Participated in the Russo-Japanese War.

On the night of January 27, 1904, while parked in the outer roadstead of Port Arthur, he was damaged by an explosion of a torpedo fired by an enemy destroyer, but remained afloat and on May 24, 1904, after sealing the hole with the help of a caisson, it was re-commissioned.

After a battle with the Japanese fleet in the Yellow Sea, on July 27, 1904, he left for Qingdao, where he was interned the next day.

In December 1908, he took part in providing assistance to the population of the city of Messina on the island of Sicily, affected by an earthquake.

Underwent a major overhaul in 1910 - 1911 at the Baltic Zvavod with the replacement of the main mechanisms, boilers and all tools.

Participated in the First World War and the February Revolution.

5 - 7 January 1918 made the transition from Helsingfors (Helsinki) to Kronstadt. From May 1918 he was in the Kronstadt military port for long-term storage.

During the Civil War, the ship's artillery weapons were used on ships of river and lake flotillas and on land fronts.

In 1924, the Commission was commissioned for dismantling and cutting into metal, and on November 21, 1925, it was excluded from the list of RKKF ships.

Displacement: 13105 t.Dimensions: 118.82x23.22x7.93 m

Armament: 4 - 305/40 mm, 12 - 152/45 mm, 20 - 75/50 mm, 20 - 47 mm, 8 - 37 mm, 2 PTA and 2 NTA 381 mm.

Reservation - Krupp armor belt 120 - 249 mm, main caliber turrets from 63 to 254 mm, medium caliber turrets from 30 to 152 mm, conning tower 254 mm, deck - 38 - 69 mm.

Mechanisms - 2 vertical machines of triple expansion 16500 hp 20 boilers of the Belleville system. 2 screws.

Speed 18.24 knots. Cruising range 5500 miles. Crew: 28 officers and 750 sailors.

4. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" in France, 1903

5. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" on trials, Toulon summer 1903

6. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" on trials, Toulon summer 1903

7. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" on trials, Toulon summer 1903

9. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" (date of the photo is not known)

10. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" in Port Arthur, 1904

11. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" (date of the photo is not known)

12. Correction of damage on the battleship "Tsesarevich", Port Arthur spring 1904

13. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" during repairs, Port Arthur spring 1904

14. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" during repairs, Port Arthur spring 1904

15. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" during repairs, Port Arthur spring 1904

16. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" during repairs, Port Arthur spring 1904

17. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" in Port Arthur, 1904

18. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" (photo date not known. Presumably spring 1904, Port Arthur)

19. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" enters Qingdao, July 29, 1904

20. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" enters Qingdao, July 29, 1904

21. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

22. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

23. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

24. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

25. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

26. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

27. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

28. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

29. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

30. Squadron battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

31. German orchestra on the handicap of the battleship "Tsarevich" in Qingdao, summer 1904

The battleship "Tsesarevich" was built according to the shipbuilding program adopted in 1898 "for the needs of the Far East" - the most labor-intensive and, as events have shown, the most responsible of the programs in the entire history of the Russian armored fleet. Not content with the possibilities of widespread economic expansion on the mainland, they discovered an irrepressible desire for territorial conquests, which were reinforced by a threatening build-up of army and navy forces, and they were directed exclusively against Russia.

Appendix No. 1

How was the battleship Tsesarevich designed and arranged

The Tsesarevich project is based on the type of the original eight-tower French battleship Joregiberri, built in 1893. It was named after the admiral of the times of the colonial conquests of France in Indochina. This prototype ship belonged to a very motley family (a drawing is given in the author's book "Battleships of the" Borodino "type) of French battleships that did not differ in stability (up to 12 towers on a ship)." Joregiberry "had two traditional end towers in the center plane with one 305 mm cannon in each and two side turrets (one 274-mm gun in each), which, having a firing angle of 80 °, could fire both at the bow and at the stern. 38 mm cannons.

"Tsarevich" and its prototype had the following main characteristics (the data of "Joregiberry" are given in parentheses): waterline length 11 7.2 (111) m, width 23.2 (22.2) m, draft 7.9 (8, 45 maximum) m, power mechanisms 16 300 (15000) HP, displacement 12 903 (11 882) tons, and the same design speed - 18 knots.

The main advantage of the new project (this, as we remember, was appreciated in the ITC) was the presence of a longitudinal armored bulkhead (40 mm thick), which protected the ship from underwater explosions. Installed 2 m from the side, it was part of a set of constructive measures to ensure the survivability of the ship, which in those years was developed by the talented French naval engineer E. Bertin (1840-1924).

The body was recruited according to the traditional transverse (or, more precisely, transverse-longitudinal) recruitment system. The horizontal keel with a width of 1.25 m along the entire length of the ship had a thickness of 20 mm in the middle part of the hull (to the extremities of 10-16 mm) and was riveted with an inner horizontal keel 0.95 m wide and 18 mm thick (to the extremities of 16-14 mm ). A vertical inner keel with a thickness of 18 mm (at the extremities of 14–11 mm) and a height of 1 m was attached to them along the diametral plane (like all parts - on connecting squares).

The same height went along the hull plating through 1.2 m (spacing) powerful floras of bottom frames 9 mm thick and equally powerful, of the same height, adopted since the time of iron shipbuilding - the longitudinal beams of the set - 9-mm stringers (the same stringers were , and on battleships like "Borodino"). They (on both sides of the keel) were fixed with 80-75 mm squares. The stringers outside the double bottom were 7 mm thick. Stringer No. 6 served as the base of the longitudinal armored bulkhead. Forming the so-called "checkered layer", all of these beams were covered with a 13-mm thick flooring of the second bottom (at the ends 11-9-mm) and reliably riveted with them.

On the formed solid foundation, the bottom housed machines, boilers, ammunition storage. The numbering of frames in French shipbuilding went from the mid-frame to the bow and stern, which, together with the difference in the systems of measures (in France - metric, in Russia - foot-inch) created considerable complications when trying, as the Grand Duke demanded, to accurately copy in Russian dimensions of all parts and compartments of the "Tsesarevich" hull.

The outer hull plating, developing it from the inner horizontal keel to the sides and extremities, had a thickness of 18 mm in the middle part (to the extremities and to the deck 11–17 mm). The zygomatic (side) keel in the form of a triangular box made of sheets of 10 mm thick, had a height of 1 m and a length of 60 m.The hull had three full decks - the lower armored one (two layers of steel sheets 20 mm thick), which went at level 0, 3 m above the load waterline; the upper armored (or battery) unarmored deck 7 mm thick with teak 60 mm flooring. The 1 m wide deck stringer was 8 mm thick. Incomplete, ending at the aft 305-mm turret, was the forecastle deck, it is also hinged or spardek. Conventionally, such a subdivision of the ship into tiers of decks corresponded to those adopted on the Russian battleships of the "Peresvet" and "Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky" types.

Eleven main (from side to side) transverse bulkheads (9 mm thick, from vertically installed sheets) and four private hulls were divided into compartments. A longitudinal diametrical bulkhead (8 mm thick) was installed only in the engine room. The longitudinal bulkhead of the corridor behind the side armor had a thickness of 1 5 mm (at the ends of 13-11 mm) and passed from each side at a distance of 1.5 m along the length from the 35th bow to the 25th aft frames and in the stern from 30 to 37 shp.

The design of the "Tsarevich" hull, like the entire project, strictly, in all details, with minor deviations, was reproduced in the draft of the battleships of the Borodino type, and therefore there is no need to repeat the description already made in the author's book "Battleships of the Borodino type" ". Let's pay attention only to the details that distinguished it.

The artillery of the "Tsesarevich" had the same set of main armament provided for by the ITC (4,305.12 152, 20 75, 20 47.2 37, 2 64-mm guns, two surface and two underwater mine vehicles), but differed only in an increased number ( 10 instead of 4) machine guns. Their surplus was needed for additional armament of the two remaining combat mars on the ship. According to the specification of October 6, 1898, they were going to install 4 47 (on the lower) and 3 37-mm (on the upper) cannons on four Mars. Then, on the two remaining former cyclopean-sized marshes (with roofs and an upper platform on each), 4 47-mm cannons and 3 machine guns were placed. In the Battle of Fox in 1866, these mars probably would not have been worth it, but by 1900 they were a blatant anachronism. But the fashion could not be overcome, and these "outstanding" structures existed on the "Tsarevich" until the end of hostilities. One, together with the knocked out foremast, was removed in Qingdao, the second was cut off only upon returning to Russia in 1906.

The impressive volumetric structure widespread in the French Navy, reminiscent of the anti-boarding blockage of the side of the former wooden battleships, reminded of the centuries-old traditions of the bygone sailing era. For the sake of this slope of double curvature, which went along the entire side, the width of the upper deck was almost halved. The blockage made it possible to reduce the moment of the upper loads in calculating the stability of the ship, provided the middle towers with the ability to fire towards the extremities, and in stormy weather it played a role (this was discovered by the French before the Russians) as a kind of rolling damper. Taking on the masses of water that did not have time to slide down, the blockage reduced the sweep from side to side, becoming like an open pacifier tank. This had to be paid for by a significant complication and rise in the cost of the case. The obstruction also explained the exorbitantly wide trapezoidal ports for 75-mm anti-mine guns.

The dense battening of these ports has always been a significant problem, which is why water always walked on the deck in a storm. A great inconvenience was the low location of these ports (3 m above the waterline according to the project, in fact, under conditions of overload, it is much lower) above the water, which is why even a weak excitement during the course of the ship caused the water to "roll in" into the ports (the case on the "Tsarevich" in battle on July 28 1904). It could have turned out that the anti-mine artillery at the right time could be incapable of combat.

The blockage of the side made the storage, launching and lifting of lifeboats and boats extremely difficult. On the narrow, extremely cramped deck of the Spardek, they had to be placed one inside the other. Descent using traditional swing-type davits was impossible - if they were placed, as usual, along the edge of the deck, they were hopelessly lacking a departure. For duty and crew boats at anchorage, a way out was found in the experience of the old bokans - two bars fixed from the stern for lowering and lifting the lifeboat stored on them in a suspended state. This kind of improved bokans, but only set at an angle of about 45 ° to the horizon and hingedly fixed on the cover of the dam, made it possible, simultaneously leaning towards the water, to raise and lower the boat and the boom, which was previously lowered by the boom and brought under them, were freed from constant manipulations with the descent and ascent. ... On the voyage, the boats had to be lifted with arrows and put on the deck, and the bokans had to be piled to the side so as not to interfere with the shooting from the side towers.

Battleship "Tsesarevich" (Board sloops)

To lift especially bulky mine and steam boats "Tsesarevich" had to come up with an original (in the form of a football goal) U-shaped davit frame. A similar, but much more complex design (and also because of the great constraint) was used on the Russian Black Sea battleships of the "Catherine II" type. It was necessary to put up with the inconveniences of maintenance of a complex system of hoists, synchronization of their actions and the long reach of davits. This decision was not, of course, the latest technology. In the world there were already ship cranes designed for the Russian battleships Retvizan and Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky. Two frames on the "Tsesarevich" were abandoned already during the First World War, when the number of boats on the ship became smaller and when a slewing crane was installed on it.

The blockage of the sides turned out to be incompatible with the installation of an important means of protection - mine nets. The designer's hand, apparently, did not rise to disfigure the graceful surface of the obstruction by attaching shoes to it for barrage nets and shelves for storing them, and the Tsesarevich, like a ship built under conditions of special favor to the "firm, was freed from the painful" procedure of annealing armor, required for these mounts *.

* The absence of nets on the "Tsesarevich" gave rise to a strange ideology of downright socialist equalization in the minds of the Port Arthur naval commanders; since not all ships are equipped with nets, then let them not be lowered into the water and those who have them. to prevent the rapid anchoring in order to rush into battle with the enemy suddenly approaching. ”The then admirals did not see any other ways of maintaining combat readiness.

Allocated "Tsesarevich" among other ships and unusual (allowed only on the imperial yachts) rectangular portholes-windows instead of the upper row of portholes.

The ship was also recognized by its specific French towers, with their powerfully prominent cast cabinets of tower commanders and gunners on the roofs (for 305-mm guns) and with slightly sloping roofs (for 1,52-mm guns). They had a cylindrical shape with vertical armor.

This forced to make deeper embrasures for the guns than in the English and Japanese towers with their inclined plates of frontal armor. A. Lagan managed to dissuade himself from installing the towers of Russian design, as was done in America on the Retvizan - as they were more overall, they could not coincide with the project. The benefits of a typical tower structure according to one project, "already developed for the battleship Saint Louis." -mm.

Their supply pipes in the form of inverted truncated cones in the upper parts formed barbets with a diameter of 5.0 m for 305-mm and 3.25 for 152-mm towers. This meant that in the plan the towers completely covered their stationary barbets and excluded the possibility of shells and fragments getting inside. In other words, the French project, although it had its flaws, allowed the Tsesarevich's towers to be considered to correspond to all three generally accepted design differences of a tower installation: the presence of a fixed armored barbet (feed pipe); armored cover of the gun and their turning mechanisms; overlapping in terms of a rotating tower and fixed armor of the space of the supply pipe. This favorably distinguished them from the semi-barbet 305-mm towers of the Borodino-class battleships, on which the barbets had a diameter exceeding the dimensions of the towers, and a light circular cover sliding over the barbet and connected to the tower did not guarantee the protection of the barbet.

The feed pipes (barbets) of the towers of the 305-mm guns of the "Tsarevich" were sheathed with armor plates 228 mm thick, which, together with a two-layer pipe jacket (2x15 mm), constituted protection 258 mm thick. The vertical armor plates of the towers along their entire perimeter were 254 mm thick, which, together with the steel jacket, was 284 mm. The 40 mm tower cover slabs were laid on a two-layer (reinforced with their own beams) deck of 10 mm sheets.

B Infantry carrier "Tsesarevich" (Section of the side in the area of the 22nd frame)

The outer supply pipes (barbets) of the 152-mm gun turrets were sheathed with 150 mm thick plates, which were also attached to a two-layer (2x10 mm) jacket. The axes of the 305-mm bow towers were located above the water horizon at a height of 9 m and the aft ones - 7 m. The axes of the 52-mm guns were respectively located at a height of 9 m - the bow, 7 m medium and 8.8 m aft towers. 305-mm guns with machine tools and vertical guidance mechanisms were delivered from Russia, while the towers themselves with horizontal guidance and feed installations were made by the Forge and Chantier shipyard.

The conning tower, semicircular in plan, with overall dimensions of 3.85x3.25 m had a height of 1.52 m and was covered with armor of 254 mm plates attached to a two-layer (2x10 mm) shirt. The deckhouse floor consisted of two layers of 15 mm steel. The roof of the cabin (with embrasures according to the Russian model) was riveted from three layers of 15 mm thickness. The "pipe for the protection of orders", which went to the central post, had a diameter of 0.65 m (internal) and a wall thickness of 127 mm.

Two armored belts and two armored decks of the "Tsarevich" together with the lower armored deck bent down (not reaching 2 m to the side, already as a longitudinal bulkhead) created that "armored box" (or citadel), which at a height of almost 4 m and along the entire length of the ship covered its vital parts. Below the waterline, this box passed at a depth of 1.5 m (along the immersion border of the lower edge of the lower armor belt).

Slabs 4.2 m long, placed in two rows, had a trapezoidal bevel of the lower edge in the bottom row. Of these 29 slabs (counting from the stern), the middle ones (no. 9-22) had a thickness of 250/1 70 mm. The rest from slab to slab to the ends of the hull thinned. Slabs No. 8 and 23 had a thickness of 230/1 60 mm, No. 7 and 24–21 0/1 50 mm, Nos. 6 and 25 - 1 90/140 mm, from Ng 1 to 5–1 70/1 40 mm and from 26 to 29 - 180/140 mm. The extreme nasal plate N 29 consisted of two parts: the upper 180/160, the lower 1 60/140 mm. The upper row of slabs (rectangular section) changed its thickness in the same order as the lower ones: slabs N 9-22 had a thickness of 200 mm, subsequent (in the stern and bow) Nos. 8 and 23 - 185 mm, N 7 and 24 - 170 mm, etc. Fodder plates No. 1–3 had a thickness of 120 mm, nasal plates N 27–29 - 130 mm. The upper armored deck consisted of 50 mm thick slabs laid on the deck flooring of two layers of steel sheets 10 mm thick. The lower armored deck consisted of two layers 20 mm thick.

The original, but not fully justified, was the design of the deck transition unit (with its smooth bend at an angle of 90 °) into the mine-action (2 m from the side) bulkhead. Its weak point, as experience showed on the first day of the war, was a flat horizontal bulkhead (at the level of the shelf of the lower armor belt) 20 mm thick, which at this level connected the armored bulkhead to the side. On the "Tsarevich" she got a hole in the explosion of a torpedo and allowed the water to spread over the armored deck. Repeated on the first two battleships built in Russia ("Emperor Alexander III" and "Borodino"), this unit, which immediately raised doubts among Russian engineers, was redone. The deck was given a traditional look with a bevel to the side and fastening its end at the shelf, and the longitudinal bulkhead was made an independent structure, which was abutted and attached to the armored deck. This design eliminated the weak link - a flat bulkhead that was poorly resistant to explosion. A routine solution worked out by practice turned out to be more reliable than an ill-considered innovation.

Eight sump centrifugal pumps with a feed of 800 t / h of water (they were called turbines) were installed: one in front of the boiler room, two in each of the two boiler rooms, one in each engine room and one behind the engine rooms. Their drive motors, as was customary in all fleets of the world, were located on an armored deck, rotation was transmitted through a long connecting shaft, which, of course, was subject to distortion in the event of damage to the bulkheads to which the shaft bearings were attached. Other - more reliable solutions - complete isolation of electric motors and their installation in a compartment in a single unit with a pump, hydraulic motors that were not at all afraid of dampness, proposed by the Russian mechanical engineer N.I. Ilyin (1864 - after 1921) has not yet been recognized in the world.

Obviously untimely in the original French project was the most important of the ship's devices - the steering. Proposed back in 1839 by the Englishman Rapson, it was supposed to turn the tiller by means of a steering bogie moving from side to side: the tiller horses were threaded through its coupling. The cart was set in motion by a hoist system with two power drives: a steam steering engine and electric motors. Electric motors were used as a backup at the insistence of MTK, but this could not add reliability to the obviously outdated system. MTK did not dare to insist on the modern and promising Aevis screw drive system already being developed at that time by the Izhora plant. And the steering gears of the "Tsarevich", as well as the battleships of the "Borodino" type, built on his model with such obsolete devices, did not cease to show their fatal flaws during their entire service. In the documents of the Tsarevich during the First World War, hydraulic drives are also mentioned, but, apparently, it was only a hydraulic transmission to control the spool of the steam steering engine (instead of the old roller wiring running along the entire length of the ship).

The ship's power plant was also traditional: two four-cylinder steam piston engines of triple expansion with a total specification power of 16,300 hp. The high pressure cylinders had a diameter of 11 40 mm, medium - 1,730 mm, low - 1,790 mm. The piston stroke is 1.12 m, the propeller shaft speed is 107 rpm. Instead of 24 water-tube boilers Lagrafel d "Allesta" used at "Joregiberry", they installed 20 boilers of the Belleville system, which in the eyes of the ITC were considered the most reliable in the world. The fleet still had to suffer with them during accidents on the battleships "Pobeda" in 902 and on "Oslyab" in 1903.

Attention! The series is discontinued!
Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich"- the second part-work of the series "Flotilla of the Russo-Japanese War" within the framework of the magazine " Russian ships". Publisher - LLC "Modelist" (Samara).

The battleship Tsesarevich was built in France by order of the Russian Empire. He took part in the Russian-Japanese and the First World Wars. Subsequently, on the basis of the drawings of this ship, a whole series of ships of the "Borodino" type was built.

Construction of the ship began in 1899 in Toulon. Launching took place on January 23, 1901, but for another two years various modifications were made to the design. As a result, the "Tsesarevich" entered service only in 1903, practically with the beginning of the Russian-Japanese war. At the end of February 1904, during a battle with a Japanese destroyer, our battleship was damaged by a torpedo. However, the repair did not take long, and soon the ship was re-commissioned. In September of the same year, after breaking through to the port of Qiao-Chao, the battleship was interned until the end of the war. After the ship was returned to Russia, it became part of the Baltic Fleet. In 1907, after a radical restructuring, he was transferred to the class of battleships. In March 1917, the ship was renamed "Citizen". He had a chance to test himself in the role of an icebreaker. In severe ice conditions in December 1917, he made the transition from Helsingfors (Helsinki) to Kronstadt. We can say that this was the last voyage of the ship. Since May 1918, it has been accepted for long-term storage. During the Civil War, artillery was removed from the "Citizen". They used it already on land fronts, as well as on river and lake flotillas. The ship finished his service in 1924. Was dismantled for metal.

Characteristics of the battleship "Tsesarevich"

Model of the battleship Tsesarevich

Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" continues the series "Flotilla of the Russian-Japanese war" from LLC "Modelist". This is the second model of this collection (the first one is).
The assembly of the model is planned for 80 issues of the magazine with a frequency of 1 time per week.

Model parameters:

For the manufacture of parts model "Tsarevich" the following materials are used:

HDF - 3 mm
Brass
ABS plastic
Steel bar
Monofilament
Birch lath
Birch veneer

LLC "Modelist" continues its tradition and, as before, uses the developments of only domestic specialists. All parts are made from domestic materials at Russian enterprises. The model completely repeats the appearance of a real ship. On it, in the smallest detail, all the nodes that existed on the battleship, the superstructure of the gun, are recreated. However, the assembly of the model, thanks to the detailed instructions, will be available to modelers of any level.

Journal Ships of Russia: Tsesarevich

Each issue of the journal includes:

Attachment - details for assembling a ship model;
Convenient assembly instructions with photographs and a detailed description of the assembly procedure;
Chronology of the battleship's service from the beginning of construction to its dismantling for metal;
"Encyclopedia of Sea Knots" - each issue contains instructions for tying one or two knots.

Tsesarevich magazine recommended price:
first issue - from 50 to 75 rubles.
second issue - from 70 to 105 rubles.
from the third issue - from 100 to 150 rubles.
Frequency: weekly

A total of 80 issues.

Room releases are not limited to any period:
Most of the details for the model are made in the own production of LLC "Modelist", printing takes place in its own printing house. All this makes it possible not to limit the circulation of the magazine and not be tied strictly to any release dates. You can place an order for any published issue of the magazine when it suits you. Start assembling yourself, show it to your friends. They also have the opportunity to collect the ship, starting from the first number. You don't have to worry about the magazine series ending abruptly. LLC "Modelist" officially declares that all 80 issues will be released.

The battleship Tsarevich was the best battleship of the Russian-Japanese war. Squadron battleship Tsesarevich. Squadron battleship "Tsesarevich" in Qingdao. Starboard

Appendix No. 3 Damage to the battleship "Tsarevich" in battle on July 28, 1904 *

Model of the battleship Tsesarevich

Journal Ships of Russia: Tsesarevich